Hibiscus tree. Care, pruning, tips, and videos

Tree hibiscus (often referred to as hibiscus tree) is an incredibly attractive and low-maintenance plant that can beautify any garden. Its large, bright flowers in various shades stand out beautifully against the green foliage, and its rapid growth allows for the creation of a true floral fairy tale in the garden in a relatively short time. In this article, we will explore types of tree hibiscus, provide detailed information on how to plant tree hibiscus, and share tips on care and wintering.

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1. Main types of tree hibiscus

The genus hibiscus includes over 200 species, including herbaceous, shrub, and tree forms. The most popular types of hibiscus among gardeners are:

1. Hibiscus syriacus (Tree hibiscus)

   • Another name is “Syrian rose” or “Rose of Sharon”.
   • Has large flowers with a diameter of 8–10 cm in various shades: white, pink, red, purple.
   • Distinguished by its winter hardiness and thrives in regions with moderately cold winters.

2. Hibiscus mutabilis (Changeable hibiscus)

   • A unique species with flowers that change color throughout the day: from white in the morning to pink or red in the evening.
   • Requires a warm climate and regular watering.

3. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese rose)

   • A tropical species with large bright red or pink flowers.
   • Requires warmth, so in regions with cold winters, it is grown in greenhouses or as a houseplant.

2. Features and advantages of tree hibiscus

• Height and shape. Garden forms of tree hibiscus can reach 2–4 m in height, forming a dense, branched shrub or even a small tree.
• Bright and long-lasting flowering. Flowers with a diameter of up to 10 cm bloom in several waves from summer to early autumn.
• Low maintenance. This species can grow in most fertile soils and tolerates short-term drought quite well.
• Winter hardiness. Most varieties of Hibiscus syriacus withstand frosts down to -20…-25°C. Young plants should be covered in winter or the root zone should be mulched.

3. How to plant tree hibiscus

3.1. Choosing a location and time for planting

• Location. Choose sunny areas protected from strong winds. In partial shade, hibiscus will also grow, but flowering may become less abundant.
• Time for planting. It is best to plant in spring, when the soil is sufficiently warmed and the threat of return frosts has passed. Autumn planting is also possible, but then the plant needs to be prepared for winter more carefully.
• Distance between bushes. Depending on the variety and desired effect, leave 1–2 m between plants to provide each with enough space for root system and crown development.

3.2. Preparing the hole and planting

1. Size of the planting hole. Dig a hole about 40–50 cm deep and wide, depending on the size of the root system.
2. Drainage. If the soil is heavy or overly moist, place a layer of drainage (expanded clay, gravel, or broken brick) at the bottom of the hole.
3. Nutrient mix. Mix the top fertile layer of soil with manure or compost and, if necessary, add a small amount of complex mineral fertilizers.
4. Planting. Place the seedling in the hole so that the root collar is level with the soil. Fill the hole with soil, compact it, and water well.

4. Care for tree hibiscus

4.1. Watering

• Regular, but without stagnation. Tree hibiscus loves moderately moist soil. During dry periods, water the bush 1–2 times a week, avoiding overwatering to prevent root rot.
• Mulching. To retain moisture and protect the roots from overheating, mulch the root zone (with peat, mowed grass, or bark).

4.2. Fertilization

• Spring. After the resumption of vegetation, apply organic fertilizers (manure, compost) or a complex mineral fertilizer with an emphasis on nitrogen.
• Summer. During the period of active budding and flowering, you can fertilize with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers to stimulate the formation of new buds and lush flowering.

4.3. Pruning and shaping the crown

• Timing. Pruning is done in early spring, before the active growth of buds begins.
• Pruning rules. Remove all dried, damaged, and weak branches. If necessary, shorten the main shoots by about a third to stimulate branching and form a denser crown.
• Shaping. If desired, you can shape the hibiscus into a standard tree or a dense bush.

5. Protection from diseases and pests

• Aphids and spider mites. At the first signs (wilting leaves, webbing under the leaves), treat the plant with insecticides or acaricides according to the instructions.
• Fungal diseases. To prevent excessive soil moisture, maintain moderate watering and ensure good ventilation of the bushes. Use fungicides if necessary.
• Yellowing leaves. This may be a result of overwatering, nutrient deficiency, or root damage. In such cases, adjust watering and apply complex fertilizers.

6. Wintering and covering young plants

• Covering. In the first year or two after planting, especially if the region experiences harsh winters, cover the base of the trunk with fir branches, dry leaves, or agrotextile.
• Mulching. Apply a layer of mulch 10–15 cm thick around the roots to protect them from deep freezing.
• Mature bushes. Most mature Hibiscus syriacus plants winter well without additional covering, but if the temperature drops below -25°C, it is recommended to at least wrap the trunk in burlap or another breathable material.

7. Propagation of tree hibiscus

1. By cuttings. In late spring or summer, cut semi-woody cuttings with 2–3 nodes. Treat them with a rooting hormone and plant them in moist substrate. With constant moisture and warmth, the cuttings root quickly.
2. By seeds. Seeds are sown in early spring for seedlings. Transplant at the 2–3 true leaf stage and gradually harden off before planting in open ground. Seedlings usually bloom in the 2nd or 3rd year.

8. Advantages of growing tree hibiscus

• Decorativeness. Striking large flowers in various shades can beautify the garden from mid-summer to autumn.
• Versatility. Suitable for both solitary and group plantings, it can serve as a beautiful accent against greenery or act as a living fence.
• Resilience to conditions. Well tolerates heat, wind, and even moderate frosts, requiring no complicated care.
• Longevity. With proper care, it can grow and bloom for many years, becoming a true “long-liver” in the garden.

Conclusion

Tree hibiscus is an excellent choice for those looking to add color and exotic charm to their garden. This tree hibiscus is low-maintenance, grows quickly, and provides lush and long-lasting blooms. To maximize the plant’s beauty, simple rules should be followed: ensure adequate lighting, moderate watering, regular fertilization, and timely pruning. Young seedlings should definitely be covered in winter to ensure they take root and strengthen successfully.

By following these recommendations, you will have a luxurious bush or a small flowering tree that will transform your garden into a vibrant oasis every summer. Enjoy the beauty of tree hibiscus and experiment with different species to create unique floral compositions in your area!